非谓语整理版.docVIP

非谓语结构 (定义：指不担任谓语的动词形式) 一·分类： 不定式（infinitive） 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 *to do （可与wh-疑问词连用） * to be done（可与wh-疑问词连用） 进行式 to be doing to be being done 完成式 * to have done（可与wh-疑问词连用） * to have been done （可与wh-疑问词连用） 注：wh-包括 who(m) ,what, which, whose; when, where, why, how, whether (不用if) 一般式往往有将来意义，它表示的动作发生在句子的谓语动词之后。 例：Let’s go out to get some fresh air. (现在时间) He stopped to look back at the town. ( 过去时间) I shall continue to try. (将来时间) 不定式的完成式往往表示动作发生在谓语动词前，表示动作已经完成。 例：He’s glad to have been praised. I wanted to have returned the book but some how forgot it. （在谓语动词之后，但完成的意义不变） 不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，往往与谓语动词同时，或表示动作持续。 例：She pretended to be looking for something. I don’t want you to be forever/always/constantly/continually finding fault with me. (带感情色彩) -ing分词/现在分词（present participle） 主动式 被动式 一般式 * doing * being done 完成式 * having done * having been done 完成进行式 having been doing having been being done 现在分词的一般式可以用来泛指一个动作，也可用于表示事实性，即指动作已发生或正在发生，也可以指与谓语动词同时发生的动作或指不断重复的动作。 例：Reading English is easier than speaking it. He walked through the crowd, shaking hands. 完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前 例：He denied having been there. The safe showed no signs of having been touched. -ed分词/过去分词(past participle) Done 二·非谓语结构的功能： 可以用来担任主语、宾语、表语、补语. 定语、状语。 例：To err is human. (主语) He never thought to have lived to see this day. (宾语) The house is to let. (表语即主补) I didn’t expect you to arrive so soon. (宾补) He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave. (定语) In order to pursue further studies, he went abroad. (状语) 例：Ignoring something will not make it go away. (主语) There’s no denying that the quality is poor. My main pastime is surfing online. (表语) We should avoid going to extremes. (宾语) Can you imagine the old man(’s) traveling around the world alone? His words set me thinking. (宾补) developing countries ; dying words (定语) She showed me a book describing the symptoms of this illness (定语) Not knowing their language and having no friends, he found it hard to find a job. (状语) 特征： 1.非谓语动词也可称非限定动词保留动词的