3.Parallelism ：排比.doc

Parallelism ：排比 The use of similar structures in two or more clauses Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases. 排比（Parallelism）把结构相同、意义相关、语气一致的几个（有时是两个）词组或句子并列使用称为排比。排比句能层层递进，加强语势。如： (1) Designed with a computer. Silenced by a laser. Built by a robot （电脑设计，激光消音，机器人制造。）整齐的书面形式，有规则的节奏，看来醒目，听来悦耳。 (2) It’s a written language… It’s an oral language… It’s an electronic language… It’s an interactive language… And it’s a language… 此则广告的标题为“Business has a universal language. It consists of two words”，它的每一段均以同样的结构开始，形成排比结构，突出了广告所强调的内容。 (3) It is made differently. It is made using ancient production process. It is made pouring painstaking efforts of many scientists. It is fruit of human science. （它采用与众不同的制造程序；它采用了古代的生产流程；它倾注了多少科学家的心血。它是人类科学的结晶。）采用了排比的修辞手法，颇具气势。重点渲染了该产品制造过程中的科学性和传统性 We are caught in war, wanting peace. Were torn by division, wanting unity. Eat at pleasure，drink by pleasure. No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy. (Herbert Spencer) 所有的人自由后，才能完全自由；所有的人都有道德，才能完全合乎道德；所有的人都幸福了，才能真正幸福。 宽式排比，即在结构上相对应的语法成分基本相似。 A money lender serves you in the present tense，lends you money in the conditional mood，keeps you in the subjunctive and ruins you in the future. (Joseph Addison) Studies serve for delight，for ornament，and for ability． (Francis Bacon) 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。 It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill(Helen Keller) We shall fight him（Hitler）by land, we shall fight him by sea，we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help，we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke . ( Winston Churchill) Semantic features of parallelism 1. coordinate We can gain knowledge by reading，by reflection，by observation or by practice Their powers of conversation were considerable. They could describe entertainment with acc