低温流体节流空化现象的形成与发展规律研讨.pdfVIP

文章编号：CAR250 低温流体节流空化现象的形成与发展规律研究 段欣悦 厉彦忠 （西安交通大学能动学院，西安7100490 ） 摘 要 本文将 RNG 湍流模型与完全空化模型相结合，对孔板节流导致的低温流体的空化流动进行数值模拟，得出了流场 中的含气率与压力分布的变化规律。研究发现：由于孔板节流作用使得流场中最低压力出现在孔板喉部，空化初生点在此位 置出现；在低温空化流动中，泡状空化、云状空化、超空化三种空化形态相继出现。此外，分析了空化初生点的压力以及含 气率的变化规律，得出了三种空化形态的气相组成；分析了三种空化形态的初生标志，对临界空化状态进行界定。 关键词 泡状空化 云状空化 超空化 数值研究 低温 孔板流量计 Duan Xinyue Li Yanzhong (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China) Abstract The inception and growth of cavity in cavitating flow of cryogenic fluid induced by orifice throttling was presented in this paper. The simulation was implemented by the full cavitation model and the RNG turbulence model and the reliability of these models were validated by the contrast of pressure drops between simulation and experiment. The vapor fraction and pressure distribution in cavitation region were examined and the compution results indicated that the cavitation inception spot appears in the wall of orifice sharp corner due to its lowest pressure in the whole passage, and the bubble cavitation, cloud cavitation and supercavitation consecutively occurred with the gradual enhancement of cavitation of cryogenic fluid. Moreover, the flow characteristics of the three stages of cavitation was studied by introducing the concept of gaseous cavitation and vaporous cavitation, and the signs of regime transition of the inception cavitation and choking cavitation were given, which provide sound foundation for further research. Keywords Bubble cavitation Cloud cavitation Supercavitation Cryogenic fluid Orifice throttling 现象，通常被认为是压力下降导致由蒸气与不凝性气 1 引言 体混合物所组成的气泡形成，及其所进行的一系列相 在水动力学研究领域，空化普遍出现在核动力系