Work Motivation Theories工作动机理论.ppt

Overview of Work Motivation Theories Need theories Cognitive theories Job design theories Behavioral theories Work Motivation Theories: Equity Theory You: 50 Other: 50 ? Fair/Equitable 50 50 You: 50 Other: 75 ? Underpayment 50 50 You: 75 Other: 50 ? Overpayment 50 50 Work Motivation Theories: Equity Theory Equity Theory Underpayment Inequity Predictions Hourly Wages Workers will decrease effort Decreases in product quality and quantity Piece Rate Wages To compensate for underpayment, workers would produce more, but much lower quality Work Motivation Theories: Equity Theory Equity Theory Overpayment Inequity Predictions Hourly Wages Workers should expend more effort (i.e., increase inputs) Piece Rate Wages Workers should expend more effort to produce fewer, but more high quality products Work Motivation Theories: Expectancy Theory Motivation is derived from relationships among: Valence value of outcomes Instrumentality performance-reward contingencies Expectancy effort-performance contingencies Force = Expectancy * Σ (Valences * Instrumentalities) Work Motivation Theories: Locke’s Goal-Setting Theory Performance is best when: Goals are specific Goals are challenging Workers have necessary ability Rewards are clearly understood and provided Management supports goal attainment Provides necessary time resources Goals are internalized and accepted by employees Feedback is provided Work Motivation Theories: Reinforcement Theory Reinforcement Theory Based on principles of behaviorism Reinforcement a stimulus that increases the probability of any given behavior Punishment consequences that make a behavior less likely Seven Practices to Raise Motivation Provide workers with the personnel and material resources that facilitate their effectiveness. Create supportive social environments. 6. Reinforce performance. 7. Harmonize all these elements into a consistent socio-technical system. Applic