欧洲文化入门复习重点.doc

Introduction 1、There are many elements constituting European Culture. 2、There are two major elements: Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.  The richness of European Culture was created by Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.  Division One：Greek Culture and Roman Culture1、The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens Sparta. 2、The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of slave labour. 3、Ancient Greece’s epics was created by Homer. 4、The Homer’s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey. 5、Drama in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century B.C.6、Three masters in tragedy三大悲剧大师 Aeschylus Prometheus Bound —→Shelly Prometheus Unbound SophoclesOedipus the King —→ Freud’s “the Oedipus complex” (恋母情结) —→ David Herbert Lawrence’s Sons and lovers Euripides A．Trojan Women B．He is the first writer of “problem plays”(社会问题剧) C．Realism can be traced back to the Ancient Greece，to be specific, Euripides. 7、 The only representative of Greek comedy is Aristophanes. Aristophanes writes about nature. 8、History (Historical writing)  “Father of History” —→ Herodotus —→ war (between Greeks and Persians) “the greatest historian that ever lived.” —→ Thucydides —→ war (between Sparta and Athens) 9、① Euclid’s Elements解析几何  It was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century. ② Archimedes  His work laid basis for not only geometry几何学,but also arithmetic算术, mechanics机械, and hydrostatics.流体静力学  “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”.（Archimedes） 10、The melting between Roman Culture and Greek Culture. (罗马征服希腊的标志)  From 146 B.C., Latin was the language of the western half of the Roman Empire, and Greek that of the eastern half.  Both Latin and Greek belong to Indo-European language. 11、The dividing range in the Roman history refers to 27 B.C. 12、The year 27 B.C. Divided the Roman history into two periods: republic and empire. 13、Th