C语言学习课件第十二章.pptVIP

Outline Key Points 11.1 Pointer Pointed to Structure Pointer of structure variable：structure variable exists in the starting position of the storage. void print_stulist(struct student stu[ ]) { int i; printf(No. Name Sex Age soc1 sco2\n); for(i=0; i4; i++) { printf(%-5d,stu[i].num); printf(%-12s,stu[i].name); printf(%-4c,stu[i].sex); printf(%-4d,stu[i].age); printf(%-5.1f,stu[i].score1); printf(%-5.1f\n,stu[i].score2); } } 11.2 Pointer Pointed to Structure Self-referential structures Structure that contains a pointer to a structure of the same type Can be linked together to form useful data structures such as lists, queues, stacks and trees Terminated with a NULL pointer (0) Diagram of two self-referential structure objects linked together 11.2 Self-Referential Classes struct node {  int data; struct node *nextPtr;} nextPtr Points to an object of type node Referred to as a link Ties one node to another node 11.3 Dynamic Memory Allocation Dynamic memory allocation Obtain and release memory during execution malloc（calloc） Takes number of bytes to allocate Use sizeof to determine the size of an object Returns pointer of type void * A void * pointer may be assigned to any pointer If no memory available, returns NULL Example newPtr = malloc( sizeof( struct node ) ); secondPtr = calloc( 10,sizeof( struct node )); free Deallocates memory allocated by malloc Takes a pointer as an argument free ( newPtr ); 11.3 Dynamic Memory Allocation The realization of the dynamic array Static Array The size of the array during the program executing can not be changed. Disadvantage: waste the memory space if we can not to estimate the quantity of sate. Dynamic Array Specify the size of the array according to actual requirement during the program executing. In c language, we can realize the dynamic array by using array’s pointer act as array name and library functions that apply or release memory. 11.3 Dynamic Memory Allo