病理学 炎症 精选图片.ppt

Interrelationships between the four plasma mediators Role in Inflammation Mediators Vasodilation Prostaglandins, Nitric oxide, Histamine Increased vascular permeability Histamine and serotonin, C3a and C5a,BradykininLeukotrienes C4, D4, E4, PAF, Substance P Chemotaxis, leukocyte recruitment and activation TNF, IL-1, Chemokines, C3a, C5a, Leukotriene B4 Fever IL-1, TNF, Prostaglandins Pain Prostaglandins, Bradykinin Tissue damage Lysosomal enzymes of leukocytes, Reactive oxygen speciesNitric oxide Role of Mediators in Inflammation Inflammatory Mediator Vasodilatation Vascular permeability EDEMA VESOACTIVE MEDIATORS Histamine Bradykinin C3a C5a LT PG PAF NO TISUE INJURY Trauma Ischemia Neoplasm Infectious agents Foreign particle PRODUCTION OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS CHEMOTACTIC FACTORS C5a LTB4 IL-8, TNF inflammatory cells ACUTE INFLAMMATION Neutrophils, Platelets,Mast cell CHRONIC INFLAMMATION Macrophages, Lymphocytes, Platelets Classification of inflammation Clinical classification Pathological classification Clinical Classification Acute inflammation Chronic inflammation Characteristics of Acute Inflammation Short duration: days to months Acute injuries induced by inflammatory agents Exudation: fluid, plasma proteins, neutrophils Abscess formation Complete resolution can be reached if the injury is limited or short-lived Severe injury healing by scar formation Spreading : septicemia, pyemia,( metastatic abscess) Progression to chronic inflammation Characteristics of Chronic Inflammation Long duration: months to years Persistent infection, prolonged exposure to harmful agents Prolonged tissue destruction, loss of normal structure and function chronic inflammatory cell Infiltration : Macrophages, Lymphocytes, Plasma cells persistent new vessel regeneration and fibroblast proliferation : Resulting in fibrosis Pathological Classification Alteration Inflammation (acute) Exudation Inflammation (acute) Proliferation Inflammation (chronic