生物化学与分子生物学（南方医科大学）RNA的生物合成.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 有毒蘑菇中有鹅膏蕈碱。转录抑制剂常用来区分这三类酶的活性。某些常用抑制剂的性质见表-。其中最主要的是一种双环八肽──α-鹅膏蕈碱。在不论何种真核细胞中，RNA聚合酶Ⅱ的活性均可被低浓度的α-鹅膏蕈碱所迅速抑制，而聚合酶Ⅰ却不被抑制。聚合酶Ⅲ对α-鹅膏蕈碱的反应则不尽相同:在动物细胞中聚合酶Ⅲ可被高浓度α-鹅膏蕈碱所抑制，而在酵母和昆虫细胞中则不会被抑制。 三种RNA聚合酶的命名与发现顺序无关，而是根据其在DEAE-纤维柱洗脱的先后顺序而命名，但后来发现不同生物的这三种RNA的洗脱顺序并不相同 * * * 酪氨酸－丝氨酸－脯氨酸－苏氨酸－丝氨酸－脯氨酸－丝氨酸 转录起始阶段会出现CTD中Ser（丝氨酸）、Tyr(酪氨酸）及Thr（苏氨酸）的磷酸化。 Yeast Pol II consists of 10 different peptides (RPB1 - RPB10) RPB1 and RPB2 are homologous to E. coli RNA polymerase ? and ? RPB1 has DNA-binding site; RPB2 binds NTP RPB1 has C-terminal domain (CTD) or PTSPSYS 5 of these 7 have -OH, so this is a hydrophilic and phosphorylatable site * * * * 其中E和F的功能解释与八年制教材有别，似与GENE VIII一致，但八年制教材与Lehninger’s Principle of Biochemistry一致。 * a Pre-Initiation Complex containing the polymerase and a set of General Transcription Factors. The main transcription factor involved in formation of the RNA Pol II PIC, is TFIID. TFIID consists of a DNA binding protein (TBP) specific for the TATA-Box sequence -TATAA-, which then recruits a whole series of TBP-Associated Factors (TAFs).  * * * 加工过程首先是在加帽酶的作用下，将5-端的磷酸基水解，然后再加上鸟苷三磷酸，形成GpppN的结构，再对G进行甲基化m7GpppG。 * * 图 30.28 3’作用复合物有着多种活性。CPSF和CstF都是由好几个亚基组成；而其它的组分都是单体。总的分子量大于900千道尔顿。 * * * average number of exons per gene does vary with organism - figure 2.23 in Genes VII Most genes are uninterrupted in yeast, but most genes are interrupted in flies and mammals. (Uninterrupted genes have only 1 exon, and are totaled in the leftmost column.) S. cerevisiae(酿酒酵母） have mostly uninterrupted genes with almost no gene having more than 4 exons b. most fungi genes, except those of yeast are interrupted c. insect genes on the average have 10 exons d. mammalian genes have several tens of exons per gene * * The typical eukaryotic nuclear intron has consensus sequences defining important regions. Each intron has GU at its 5 end. Near the 3 end there is a b