医学数字信号处理_心电图.ppt

BIOMEDICAL DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING ;霍金教授的办公室（剑桥大学）;BME在百年诺贝尔生理与医学奖中的份额;教材;Lecture 2 Electrocardiology Electrocardiogram ECG ;;;2.1Electrocardiologicbasis ;2.1.2 Electrodes ;;;A current dipole is a current source and a current sink separated by a distance. Since such a dipole has magnitude and direction which change throughout a heartbeat as the cells in the heart depolarize, this leads to the vector representation. ;The forward solution provides the potential at any arbitrary point on the body surface for a given cardiac dipole. Expressed mathematically，;The ECSs are time-varying as are the dipo1e components, while the transfer coefficients are only dependent on the thoracic geometry and inhomogeneities．Thus for a set of k body surface potentials (i. e., 1eads)， there is a set of k equations that can be expressed in matrix form ;Of course, the heart vector and transfer coefficients are unknown for a given individual．However if we had a way to compute this heart vector．We could use it in the so1ution of the forward problem and obtain the ECS for any body surface location．The approach to solving this problem is based on a physical model of the human torso．The model provides transfer coefficients that relate the potentials at many body surface points to the heart vector. With this information，we se1ect three ECS leads that summarize the intrinsic characteristics of the desired abnormal ECS to simulate．Then we solve the inverse problem to find the cardiac dipole vector.;Thus, for three heart vector component, there are three linear equations of the form; ;2.1.4 Genesis of the ECS;;Figure 2.8 Electrocardiogram (ECG) for one normal heartbeat showing typical amplitudes and time duration for the P, QRS, T waves. ;Figure 2.9 Relationship between the spread of cardiac electrical activation represent at various time instants by a summing vector (in the upper frames) and the genesis of the ECS (in the lower frames). ; In Figure 2.9(a), the slow moving