废气涡轮增压器的设计.doc

发动机涡轮增压器的设计 机械设计制造及其自动化0802班： 徐培胜 指导教师李新领孙维连王会强20%-30%。对于小排量发动机来说尤为明显。本次设计是基于1.0小排量的发动机，适于功率在43KW-79KW的发动机安装，使其功率和扭矩得到很大的提高。设计中主要计算了压气机叶轮和涡轮的各项参数，包括轮毂直径、外径、轴径、转速、气流角等。对增压器的润滑散热也进行了设计，并利用CAD绘图软件对增压器总装及重要部件进行了绘制。本文详细论述了涡轮增压器压气机结构以及废气涡轮的设计过程，中间轴的选取制造，并对增压器的原理和结构做了简单介绍。 关键词：汽车；发动机；涡轮增压器；环保；节能 Abstract：In todays society, environmental protection and energy conservation is the question that we have to consider. But the automobile energy saving and environmental protection is one of the major, so the automobile energy saving and small cars more and more people are paying attention to. The turbocharger is an important method of vehicle energy saving. Installing turbocharger engine power and torque increased by 20%-30%. For small displacement engine is particularly obvious. The design is based on1small displacement engine, suitable for power in the 43KW-79KW engine installation, the power and torque can be improved greatly. Design calculation of the compressor impeller and turbine main parameters, including the wheel diameter, outside diameter, shaft diameter, rotating speed, flow angle. The supercharger lubricating cooling also was designed, and the use of CAD drawing software for turbocharger assembly and important parts of the drawing. This paper discusses in detail the turbocharger compressor structure as well as the exhaust gas turbine design process, an intermediate selection of manufacturing, and the turbocharger principle and structure are introduced in this paper. Keywords：Auto ;Engine ;Turbocharger ;Environmental Protection ;Energy Conservation 1 引言 废气涡轮增压器原理涡轮增压器实际上是一种空气压缩机，通过压缩空气来增加进气量。它是利用发动机排出的废气惯性冲力来推动涡轮室内的涡轮，涡轮又带动同轴的叶轮，叶轮压送由空气滤清器管道送来的空气，使之增压进入气缸。当发动机转速增快，废气排出速度与涡轮转速也同步增快，叶轮就压缩更多的空气进入气缸，空气的压力和密度增大可以燃烧更多的燃料，相应增加燃料量和调整发动机的转速，就可以增加发动机的输出功率了。废气涡轮增压器用的压气机多数采用离心式，它的出口压力可达140300KPa，甚至可达500KPa。2 压气机结构设计 2.1压气机的结构 离心式压气机结构由压气机蜗壳扩压器等部件组成。 2.1.压气机蜗壳 2.1.2 扩压器 扩压器的作用是将压气机叶轮出口高速空气的动能转变为压力能。扩压器效率对压气机效率有重要的影响按扩压器中有无叶片，可分为无叶扩压器和叶片扩压器无叶扩压器是一环形通道气流在扩压器中近似沿对数螺旋线的轨迹流动.即气流流动迹线在