南京大学《系统解剖学》Myology肌学.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *  1. Extrinsic muscles Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Pectoralis major 胸大肌 Origin: medial half of clavicle,sternum,1th-6th costal cartilages. Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus. Action: flexes, adducts and rotates arm medially; arm fixed, elevates trunk; elevates ribs 1-6,aidding in forced inspiration. Pectoralis minor 胸小肌 Deep to the pectoralis major Origin: 3rd-5th ribs Insertion: coracoid process of scapula Action: Draw the scapula forwards and downwards,when the scapula is fixed it helps the inspiration(by elevation the ribs) Serratus anterior 前锯肌 It overlies the laeral wall of thorax Origin: external surfaces of the upper 8~9 ribs Insertion: medial border of scapula Action: holds the scapula against the chest wall；Pulls the scapula forwards in throwing and pushing. Intercostales externi 肋间外肌 Origin: lower border of rib Insertion: upper border of rib below origin external intercostals membrane 肋间外膜. Action: elevate ribs adding in forced inspiration 2. Intrinsic muscles Origin: upper border of rib； Insertion: lower border of rib above origin Replaced posteriorly by internal intercostals membrane. Action: depress ribs for forced expiration Intercostales interni 肋间内肌 (1) Position and division: dome-shaped between thorax and abdomen, consists of Central tendon 中心腱 muscular part 肌部 Ⅲ. Diaphragm 膈 Sternal part: Costal part: Lumbar part: arises by left and right crus from upper 2-3 lumbar vertebrae Insertion: central tendon (2) Openings of diaphragm ① Aortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔 at the level of 12th thoracic vertebra, the thoracic aorta and thoracic duct pass through it ② Esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔 at the level of 10th thoracic vertebra, the esophagus and vagus n. pass throught it ③ Vena caval foramen腔静脉孔 at the level of 8th t