句子的形成.pptVIP

第一章节 句子的形成 第一节 基础知识 1. 任何一个句子一定由主语（S）及动词（V）形成。 John works hard. S V He plays the piano well. S V Mary seems to be fond of learning English. S V 基础知识 2. 有时主语可以省略，而形成祈使句。这种祈使句句首为原形动词，之前省略 You should （你应当） Work hard. = (You should) work hard. Be quiet. = (You should) be quiet. 注意：祈使句变成否定形态，要在原形动词前加 Dont. Dont be silly. Dont fool around. (别游手好闲。) 第二节 可用主语的词类 一般所见到的结构中，通常是以名词作主语，但除了名词以外，还可用代词，动名词，不定式短语，名词性从句作主语。 1. 名语作主语 The child likes reading very much. Gold is much cheaper than before. 2. 代词作主语 He always keeps his promise. It is a lot of fun to climb mountains. 第二节 可用主语的词类 3. 动名词或不定式短语作主语 动词绝不可直接当主语，一定要变成动名词或不定式短语，如此才可视为名词的对特语，作主语用。 看到他就令我生气 See him makes me angry.(X, See为动词) Seeing him makes me angry.(√,Seeing为动名词) See him is my purpose of coming here.(X, See为动词) To see him is my purpose of cooming here.(√,To see为不定式) 第二节 可用主语的词类 3.1 动名词作主语 用动名词作主语，通常用以表示已知的事实或曾经做过的经验。 集邮是他的爱好之一。 Collect stamps is one of his hobbies. 由“爱好”一词得知，此处的“集邮”乃是一种经验。故应用动名词 Collecting stamps,而成： Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies. 练习： 听音乐使我快乐。 Listening to music makes me happy. 由“使我快乐”得知，“听音乐”是说话者曾经做过的事，故仍用动名词短语Listening to music作主语。 第二节 可用主语的词类 3.2 不定式作主语 用不定式作主语时，通常表示一种意愿，目的或未完成的事。 出国念书是我最大的愿望。 Study abroad is my greatest desire. Studying abroad is my greatest desire. 由“愿望”一词得知此处的“出国念书”乃是一种意愿或尚未做的事，故应以不定式短语To study abroad当主语，而成： To study abroad is my greatest desire. 练习：到日本游玩是我今年的计划。 To go to Japan for a visit is my plan for this year. 第二节 可用主语的词类 3.3 用代词it来代替动名词及不定式短语作形式主语。 Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies. = It is one of his hobbies to collect stamps. 形式主语 真正主语 Listening to music makes me happy. = It makes me happy to listen to music. 形式主语 真正主语 第二节 可用主语的词类 典型特例 It is no use + 动名词短语 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 第二节 可用主语的词类 4. 名词性从句