虚拟语气的三种用法.docVIP

精品论文 参考文献 虚拟语气的三种用法 吴 娴 摘要：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实，它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。本文分别介绍了虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。 关键词：虚拟语气；用法；名词性从句；宾语从句 作者简介：吴娴，任教于江苏省扬州市育才高级中学。 一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 虚拟语气运用于条件状语从句中，需要注意三点： 1.条件句中有were, had, should时，如省略if,则需把were, had, should放在主语前，形成倒装结构。 Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 2.在错综时间条件句中，即虚拟条件句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致，主从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气。 If I were you, I wouldnrsquo;t have missed the film last night.(现在rarr;过去) If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour.(过去rarr;将来) 3.有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。常用的词有 with, without, but for, otherwise, or等。 But for your help, we couldnrsquo;t have succeeded. Without electricity life would be quite different today. 二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 1.用于主语从句中 在主语从句中, 谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。 (1)It is necessary (important, natural, desirable, advisable, strange, etc.) that we should clean the room every day. (2)It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless. (3)It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 在上述三种主语从句中,should意为“应该”、“竟然”,可以省去,主句所用动词的时态不限。注意:这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可用虚拟语气。反之,如果不表示惊奇,that从句也可用陈述语气。 2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句 (1)“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式；表示将来不能实现的愿望,用“would(could)+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，用“had+过去分词”。 I wish we could go to the seaside today. I wish you told me earlier. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. (2)虚拟语气在表示要求、 命令、 建议、 意图、 决定、 推荐等动词，如：advise, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中,用“(should)+动词原形”。 I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. They demanded that the black people (should)