哈工程轮机英语--lesson 7.ppt

Lesson 7 Text The Gas Exchange Process(换气过程） New Words and Expressions in Text process 过程 removal 排除 blow 鼓风 supercharge 增压 atmosphere 大气的 pressurize 增压，加压 electrically 电动地 blower 鼓风机，增压器 density 密度 turbine 涡轮机 compressor 压缩机 essential 基本的，重要的 adequate 适当的，充分的 arrangement 布置，安排 escape 逃逸，溢出 differential 差别的，不同的 swirl 使……旋涡运动 adjacent 邻近的，接近的 A basic part of the cycle of an internal combustion engine is the supply of fresh air and removal of exhaust gases. This is the gas exchange. Scavenging is the removal of exhaust gases by blowing in fresh air. Charging is the filling of the engine cylinder with a supply or charge of fresh air ready for compression. With supercharging(增压) a larger mass of air is supplied to the cylinder by blowing it in under pressure. Older engines were ‘naturally aspirated(自然吸气)’—taking fresh air only at atmospheric pressure. Increasing the density of the charge air by the use of a suitable compressor between the air intake and the cylinder, the weight of air induced per working stroke is increased. Thereby a greater weight of fuel can be burnt with a consequent increase in the cylinder power output. This increase in charge air density is accomplished on most modern diesel engine types by use of exhaust gas turbocharging, in which a turbine wheel driven by exhaust from the engine is rigidly coupled to a centrifugal type air compressor. Both four-stroke and two-stroke cycle engines may be pressure charged. It should be noted that supercharging is not simply a