城建史·芬兰.ppt

芬兰城市发展史——Hamina and Lappeenranta（哈米纳与拉彭兰塔） 第一部分 历史资料归纳与分析 一·城市简介 Hamina ：1·Hamina起初是瑞士的Vehkalahti镇，于1653年成立　　2·哈米纳城最重要的是哈米纳港，哈米纳港(the Port of Hamina)位于芬兰最东部, 距离俄罗斯边境最近处仅仅35公里，最近几年逐渐发展起来。拥有比较充裕的集装箱装卸能力。3·现芬兰政府仍然继续投资,稳步扩大哈米那港集装箱码头,通往芬兰和俄罗斯内地的铁路，公路和河运等基础设施 。现哈米纳是作为芬兰与俄罗斯的港口交通枢纽 Lappeenranta ：1·芬兰最大的内陆港，始建于1649年，中世纪时即为重要的贸易中心。2·位于芬兰最大湖泊萨伊马湖最南边 ，1968年运河经过重新疏通后，成为芬俄贸易和旅游的交通要道 。3·曾是一座古老的要塞，现被改建为各种博物馆。因气候宜人，水陆交通便利，现成为芬兰重要的旅游城市和疗养地之一 Hamina （1336-2013）城市发展大事记 1336：有关Hamina的考古文献中第一次出现? Vehkalahti县 1653：the Vehkalahti church (nowadays St. Mary‘s Church) was separated from rest of Vehkalahti ，became a town called Vehkalahden Uusikaupunki 1712：The town was destroyed during the?Great Northern War 1722-1724：rebuilding of the town 1723：为纪念瑞典国王得名Hamina，由Axel von L?wen设计规划城市 1741-1743：The?Russo–Swedish War 1743： Hamina was surrendered to the Russians .Hamina became a Russian frontier town, for which a fortress was desirable. 1809：The?Treaty of Fredrikshamn. Hamina was formed into the?Grand Duchy of Finland, an?autonomouspart of the?Russian Empire. 1819-1903：Hamina Cadet School was in operation 1920： the?Reserve Officer School began in the same facilities. 2003：Hamina were consolidated in 2003, and the old coat of arms was replaced with Vehkalahtis coat of arms. 2013：The old coat of arms was readopted in January 2013. 一·资料归纳 Lappeenranta（1542-2010）城市发展大事记 Origen：Lappeenranta was originally formed around a headland pointing to lake Saimaa. the 16th century ：the market place moved from Lappees old centre Kauskila to the current fortress headland 1542：The first mention of Lapwes 1649：被瑞典女王特许为 Lapvesi交易场所 1652：the parliamentary privilege charter（议会特权宪章） and the coat of arms （纹章）were attested in 1652 after the town layout by Erik Aspegren was affirmed 1721-1743：Lappeenranta was the capital of Kymmeneg?rd and Savonlinna province. 1741-1743:the?Russo-Swedish War, The town was pillaged 1967：The municipalities (直辖市)of?Lappee?and Lauritsala were annexed to（吞并） Lappeenr