survey+sampling+2 抽样调查的课件.ppt

Chapter 2 Basic Concepts of Sampling 2.0 Some Basic Symbols 2.0.1 Some Population Values: N= numbers of elements in the population Yi= value of the “Y” variable for the i th population element =the population total of the “Y” variable =the population mean of the “Y ”variable =the variance of the sample elements In simple random samples is often an unbiased estimate of = the standard deviation of the sample elements 2.1 Procedures for Simple Random Selection (SRS) 2.1.1 An operational definition： From a table of random digits, select with equal probability n different selection numbers, corresponding to n of the N listing numbers of the population elements. At each of the n successive drawings, every unselected element has an equal probability of selection, but previously selected numbers are disregarded.(without replacement) Example: Evaluate the prevalence of tooth decay among the 1200 children attending a school List of children attending the school Children numerated from 1 to 1200 Sample size = 100 children Random sampling of 100 numbers between 1 and 1200 Assign each element within the sampling frame a unique number (1-600). Identify a random start from the random number table. Determine how the digits in the random number table will be assigned to the sampling frame. Select the sample elements from the sampling frame. simple random sampling (SRS): without replacement unrestricted sampling : with replacement Each possible combination of n different elements out of N has the same probability of being selected for the sample. There are different combinations, any one of which may constitute the sample. Their probabilities of selection are all equal to B. In SRS without replacement: On th