pbl – night starvation - uqmbbs .docVIP

PBL 8 – NIGHT STARVATION 1999 Paper 3, Part F: Q6 Digestive Cycle Mouth-SI CHO in diet: Starch, lactose sucrose are the 3 main sources. Also small amounts of others, including alcohol, glycogen, lactic acid, dextrins. Cellulose is starch we eat but is not digested. Salivary amylase begins hydrolysis of CHO in the mouth. In stomach, the low pH stops digestion. Digestion continues in the small intestine from pancreatic amylase. The amylase breaks down starch to maltose (diasaccharide), maltotriose (trisacch) and dextrins. The disaccharides are further hydrolysed to monosacchardes by the brush border enzymes on the intestinal epithelium (enzymes are Lactase, maltase and sucrase). Lactose (by lactase) ( glucose + galactose Maltose (by maltase) ( glucose + glucose Sucrose (by sucrase) ( glucose + fructose Dextrins (by dextrinase) ( small glucose polymers monosaccharides. Thus, all the final products are monosaccharides. They are taken up by Na-coupled transporter (facilitated diffusion) on the luminal side of the enterocytes, then glucose diffuses into the portal blood via a GLUT-2 transorter on the basolateral side of the enterocytes. Galactose is handled in the same way. Fructose is usually converted to glucose within the enterocytes, then absorbed as per glucose. 2000 Paper 1, Part A: Q1-2, 4-6 A hiker is lost in the Kosciusko ranges for 14 days without food, but with access to water. When rescued, he is weak but alert. Question 1. (2 marks) What is the major metabolic process responsible for the maintenance of blood glucose concentrations (a) 12 hours after the last meal? Glycogenolysis which has kicked in after 4-6 hours (b) 3 days after the last meal? Gluconeogenesis is in full flight from the liver. Other tissues are now using ketones as a fuel Question 2. (9 marks) (a) Explain in what form glucose is stored in the liver, adipose tissue and muscle in the fed state (3 marks) In the fed state, glucose is stored as glycogen within the liver and muscle. It is stor