生物化学原理教学（杨荣武）Chapter19 Bioenergetics.pptVIP

Thermodynamics: energy and energy flow Bioenergics: thermodynamics of living things System—what were looking out Surroundings—everything else Insulated system, Closed system and Open system State—the physical properties of the system, e.g. temp, pressure, conc. etc. Work—use of energy to do something (except produce heat) Entropy、Enthalpy and Free Energy First Law and Second law Gibbs Equations and beyond Gibbs Equations G＝H－T?S At constant temperature、volume and pressure，ΔG＝ΔH－TΔS The relations between ΔG and a biochemical reaction ΔG、 ΔGO and ΔGO＇ The relations between ΔG and ΔE in a redox reaction ΔG＝－nFΔE Coupling of favorable and unfavorable reactions High-energy biomolecules Adenosine triphosphate - the great “coupler” How to synthesize ATP? 杨荣武生物化学原理第二版 Chapter19 Bioenergetics Outline Basic concept of bioenergetics First law and Second law Gibbs-Helmholtz equation The relationship between the direction of reaction and ΔG The relationship between ΔG andΔE The coupled reactions occurring in the life High-energy biomolecules Basic concept of bioenergetics Insulated system, Closed system and Open system Pressure = 101kPa (1atm) Temperature = 298K (25℃) [Reactants] [Products] = 1M pH = 0 (ΔGO )(chemical reaction) or 7.0 (ΔGO＇ ) (biochemical reaction) Standard conditions The Relationship between ΔG and Keq ΔG 0 for the conversion of diamond into graphite Thermodynamics vs. Kinetics Thermodynamics tells us whether a reaction can occur. Kinetics tells us whether the reaction will occur in our lifetimes. Thermodynamic spontaneity Don’t get confused! Spontaneous means a reaction CAN happen, not that it WILL ?G is state function: pathway independent Rate of a reaction: pathway dependent kinetics Important principles A reaction will proceed favourably in the forward direction if ?G is negative. Thus, the value of ?G will tell you whether a reaction is energetically favourable under cellular conditions If ?G is large negative value