基因的分子生物学医学课件Chapter04ClustersandRepeats.ppt

2007-03-23 1.4.9 The repeated genes for rRNA maintain constant sequence Key Terms Bam islands are a series of short, repeated sequences found in the nontranscribed spacer of Xenopus(爪蟾) rDNA genes. The name reflects their isolation by use of the BamI restriction enzyme. Key Concepts · The genes in an rDNA cluster all have an identical sequence. · The nontranscribed spacers consist of shorter repeating units whose number varies so that the lengths of individual spacers are different. Figure 4.17 The nontranscribed spacer of X. laevis rDNA has an internally repetitious structure that is responsible for its variation in length. The Bam islands are short constant sequences that separate the repetitious regions. 1.4.10 Crossover fixation could maintain identical repeats Key Terms Concerted evolution describes the ability of two related genes to evolve together as though constituting a single locus. Coincidental evolution (Coevolution) describes a situation in which two genes evolve together as a single unit. Gene conversion is the alteration of one strand of a heteroduplex DNA to make it complementary with the other strand at any position(s) where there were mispaired bases. Crossover fixation refers to a possible consequence of unequal crossing-over that allows a mutation in one member of a tandem cluster to spread through the whole cluster (or to be eliminated). Key Concepts · Unequal crossing-over changes the size of a cluster of tandem repeats. · Individual repeating units can be eliminated or can spread through the cluster. * 04 CLUSTERS AND REPEATS 1.4.1 Introduction Key Terms A gene family consists of a set of genes whose exons are related; the members were derived by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. A translocation is a rearrangement in which part of a chromosome is detached by breakage or aberrant recombination and then becomes attached to some other chromosome. A gene cluster is a group of adjacent genes that are identical or related. No