免疫系统组成Composition of Immune System.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Antigen and Antibody Part I Antigen I. Definition of antigen Antigen: any substances that can induce a specific immune response and specifically bound by both products of immune response and lymphocytes cell receptors(BCR and TCR) in vitro or in vivo. antigen should be Foreignness: According to Burnnet clone selection theory , foreignness means substances that never contact with lymphocytes in embryo period or which are immature.  What kinds of substances can be antigens? (1) “Non-self ”substances: Various pathogens, allogenic transplatation etc. (2) Self component: Release of sequestered antigen, such as lens protein,sperm etc. Change of molecular structure of auto-tissue Usually, more foreignness means more immunogenecity. II. Characteristics of Ag 1. Immunogenicity An ability of antigen which can stimulate the body to evoke a specific immune response. ? 2. Immunoreactivity An ability of antigen which can combine with corresponding Ab or sensitized lymphocyte. ?Structure of antigen Immunogen: substances with both immunogenecity and immunoreactivity are called immunogen or Complete antigen . Incomplete antigen : substances with only immunoreactivity. Or can be called hapten. Hapten +carrier complete antigen(immunogens) hapten and carrier Hapten: Only possess immunoreactivity Carrier: Enhance the immunogenicity of hapten III. Specificity and cross reaction of antigen Specificity Exist in both immunogenecity and immunoreactivity The basis of immunologic diagnosis and immunologic therapy 1. Antigen determinant (epitope) The portion of antigen molecules which can be specifically bound by antibody or antigenic receptor of lymphocytes. Protein antigen----5-15 amino acid residues Polysaccharide antigen----5-7 polysaccharide residues . Decide the specificity of the antigen