移民、归化与宪法--论美国移民法中的归化问题.docVIP

移民、归化与宪法--论美国移民法中的 “归化”问题 高全喜 上海交通大学凯原法学院 本文讨论的主题是美国移民法屮的“归化”问题，这个问题不仅是一个狭义的 移民法律与政策问题，而且还是一个广义的宪法学的宪制问题，乃至一个更为 深远的政治哲学意义上的文明秩序问题。本文从如下三个层次具体分析了移民归 化的内涵:第一，移民法的法律规制层次，第二，移民的公民资格授予和政治认 同的宪法层次，第三，蕴含在宪法背后的政治文明层次。本文力图采取一种政治 宪法学的方法，以此来审视美国法律屮的移民“归化”问题，并把它纳入到美 国宪制历史的演变过程之中，梳理和探讨“归化”的宪制基础以及其背后所蕴 含的关于公民资格和国家机制的政治认同和重新塑造的内在法理，进而处理移 民、归化与宪法的关系，辨析一个现代的文明国家在解决移民问题上所表现出来 的正反两个方面的法意以及内在的悖论。 关键词： 归化;移民法;美国宪法;公民资格;政治认同; 高全喜，上海交通大学凯原法学院教授。 Immigration, Naturalization and Constitution GAO Quanxi Abstract： This article is about the naturalization issue in United States immigration law. It not only narrowly refers to immigration law and policy, but is also related to a generalized issue of constitutionalism, even a much more profound issue of civilized order in the sense of political phi losophy. The connotation of immigration and naturalization is analyzed on three levels:the legal regulation imposed by immigration law， immigrants’ citizenship obtaining and their political identification (this is on the constitutional level) , and the political civilization level behind the constitution. Taking the method of political constitution jurisprudence, the article tries to survey the issue of immigrants naturalization in American law, and incorporate it into the historical evolution of American constitutionalism. The author’s biggest concerns are the constitutional basis of naturalization and the inherent legal rationality of the reshaping of citizenship and political identification contained in it. Furthermore, 1 will deal with the relation between immigration, naturalization and constitution, and discriminate the entangled spirit of law and the internal paradox manifested by a modern civilization trying to solve immigration issues. Keyword： Naturalization; Immigration Law; United States Constitution; Citizenship; Political Identification; 美W是一个移民国家，早在400年前，一批英国的清教徒不堪忍受国内的宗教 迫害，乘着“五月花号”来到北美的东海岸，最先在这块土地上构建起一个 “新大陆”，开辟了美国移民史的第一波。当然，最早的这批移民群体还没冇国 家意识，他们主要是从英国本土跨海而至的，身上还多少留有英国社会文化的 印记，尤其是在宗教信仰和