[历史学]2011年12月英语四级CET4真题.doc

Grammar and Structure 第一部分：语法 重点一 虚拟语气 一、 含有非真实条件的虚拟语气a. 普通非真实条件句的虚拟语气的形式（if 条件句）  时态 从句时态 主句时态 例句 现在 过去式 would/should/might/could+动词原形 If I were free today, I would go shopping with you. 过去 had+过去分词 would/should/might/could+have +过去分词 If I had been free yesterday, I would have gone shopping with you. 将来 should/were to would/should/might/could+动词原形 If I were to be free tomorrow, I might go shopping with you. 注意: 1. 在正式用法中，从句中第一/三人称的过去式不用was，而要用were。例如：If I were invited, I would come.If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things.2. 条件句中如省掉if，要用倒装用型。例如： Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad.Could I do it, I would surely do it. Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do? b. 错综时间的条件句如99年1月第60题: If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldnt be smiling now.又如： (1)If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night. (2)If we hadnt got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow. (3)If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better. c. 短语 without, but for, in the absence（用在条件中）以及or, or else, otherwise, but(用在主句)等表示虚拟条件(1) Without electricity, there would be no modern industry. (2) But for your cooperation, we could not have succeeded in our experiment. (3) I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.(=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.); (4) A true friend would have acted differently. (=A friend, if he had been true, would have acted differently.) (5) We could have done better under more favourable conditions. d. Were it not for/Had it not been for+宾语或But that+从句表示假设条件。(1) Were it not for their assistance, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.(2) Had it not been for the reservoir, wed never have been able to beat the drought. (3) But that he saw it, he could not have believed it. 二、 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法?a. 由表达意愿的动词带的宾语从句表建议：advice, suggest(表暗示的意思时用一般语气), recommend, propose, hint, move, pr