东亚产业转型【外文翻译】.doc

外文翻译 原文 Industrial transformation in east asia Material Source:IHDP Update Author:David P.Angel and Michael T.Rock In the rapidly industrialising countries of East Asia,urban-industrial growth has been accompanied by lowincomeinequality, increases in per capita income and significant declines in poverty and child mortality. This growth has also been accompanied by substantial increases in air and water pollution, resource degradation, escalating energy use,and attendant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Most analysts agree that declining environmental quality within the region is closely tied to failures of policy and weakness of institutions. Where environmental regulatory institutions have been strengthened and well resourced, as, for example,in Singapore, Malaysia and Chinese Taipei (Taiwan), the result has been a reduction in industrial pollution, lan degradation and other environmentally damaging processes.However, especially within the lower income economies in the region, incremental improvements in environmental regulatory policy typically have been over-ridden by the scale effects of increased production, consumption and resource use. In response to these challenges, countries have begun to explore additional approaches to improving the environmental performance of industry, including the direct integration of economic and environmental policy within a framework of what has been labelled ‘policy integration.’In this article we report on research that seeks to document achievements in one particular form of policy integration,i.e., the integration of environmental concerns into the mandate of economic development agencies within the region. Nowhere in the world is the challenge of industrial transformation of greater significance than in the rapidly industrializing and urbanising economies of developing Asia. The share of industrial output in Asia increased from approximately 10% of global output in 1950 to 30% in 1995; its share is expected to reach 55% to