基于单片机的小型直流及步进电机控制方式研究很全毕业设计.doc

基于单片机的小型直流及步进电机控制方式研究 [摘 要]本文是对小型直流电机和步进电机控制方式的研究，主要实现对直流电机和步进电机的控制。本毕业设计主要是利用PWM来实现直流电机的正转、反转、加速、减速、暂停等操作，以及利用相位脉冲实现步进电机的正转、反转、加速、减速、暂停、步数加、步数减等操作，并实现电路的仿真。为实现系统的微机控制，在设计中，采用了AT89C51单片机作为整个控制系统的控制电路的核心部分，配以各种显示、驱动、按键模块，实现对电动机转速参数的显示和设置。对于直流电机，采用带中断的独立式按键作为命令的输入，单片机在程序控制下，不断给驱动芯片发送PWM波形完成电机正反转控制，在设计中，采用PWM调速方式，通过改变PWM的占空比从而改变电动机的电枢电压，进而实现对电动机的调速；对于步进电机，采用带中断的独立式按键作为命令的输入，单片机在程序控制下，不断给驱动芯片发送相位脉冲完成电机正反转控制，在设计中，采用脉冲调速方式，通过改变输入步进电机的脉冲频率从而改变步进电机的旋转速度，进而实现对电动机的调速。在硬件上实现了直流电机和步进电机转速的调节以及正反转的控制同时在LCD上实时显示，整个硬件系统工作稳定。 [关 键 词]单片机，直流电机，步进电机，调速  The study which based on SCM on the control mode of DC and stepping motor Abstract：This paper is the study of small DC motor and stepping motor’s control mode,main realization of a dc motor and the step motor’s control. Graduation design is mainly using PWM to let dc motor turning, inversion, accelerate, slowing down,and stop operation. And realize the step motor turning, inversion, speed up, slow down, pause, the step and reduce operation by the phase pulse. And realize the circuit simulation . To realize the microcomputer control system, in design, the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer as the whole control system of the core part of control circuit, match with all kinds of display, drive, key module, which realize the motor speed of display and settings. Parameters. For dc motor, using belt interrupt of independent type key as a command input, microcomputer which under control in the program constantly to drive chip to send the PWM complete motor positive and negative control. In the design, using PWM speed adjustment way ,thePWM is accounted for empty to change the motor than armature voltage, and achieve the speed of motor. For step motor, using belt interrupt of independent type key as a command input, microcomputer which under control in the program constantly to drive chip send phase pulse complete motor positive and negative control. In the design,using speed pulse way, through change input step motor pulse frequency which ch