精品完整版-DTM课数字地形件.pptVIP

Digital Terrain Modelling Techniques for Acquisition of DTM Source Data Contents 3.1 Data sources for digital terrain modelling 3.2 Photogrammetry 3.3 Radargrammetry and SAR Interferometry 3.4 Airborne laser scanning (Lidar) 3.5 Cartographic digitisation 3.6 GPS for direct data acquisition 3.7 The comparison between DTM data from different sources 3.1 Data sources for digital terrain modelling Data sources means the materials from which data can be acquired for terrain modelling and by DTM source data means data acquired from data sources of digital terrain modelling. Different techniques for different sources Field surveying by using total station theodolite and GPS (global positioning systems) for direct measurement from terrain surfaces Cartographic digitization by using existing topographic maps and digitisers Photogrammetry by using stereo-pairs of aerial (or space) images and photogrammetric instruments Laser scanning: actively providing its own illumination in the form of lasers SAR: radargrammetry, interferometry and radarclinometry, actively providing its own illumination in the form of microwaves From terrain surface The continents occupy 29.2% of the earth’s surface. Relief varies from place to place, and is covered by natural and cultural features, apart from water Different measurement techniques may be used because some techniques may be less suitable for some areas From aerial and space images Aerial images are the most effective way to produce and update topographic maps the most valuable data source for large-scale production of high-quality DTM taken by metric cameras mounted on aerial planes Aerial photographs can be classified into different types based on different criteria: Based on colour: colour (true or false) and monochromatic photographs Based on the attitude of photography: vertical (i.e. main optical axis vertical), tilted(?3?), and oblique (3?) photographs. Commonly used aerial photographs are til