高级英语第五课背景.pptVIP

Unit 5 Love is a Fallacy 爱情是谬误 Learning of Logic Fallacies 1. Dicto Simplicity 绝对判断 2. Hasty Generalization 草率结论 3. Post Hoc 错误因果 4. Contradictory Premises 矛盾前提 5. Ad Misericordiam 文不对题 6. False Analogy 错误类比 7. Hypothesis Contrary to Fact 与事实相反的假设 8. Poisoning the Well 井下投毒 1.Dicto Simplicity —the fallacy is committed by an argument that applies a general rule to a particular case in which some special circumstances make the rule inappropriate. Car is fast. Therefore every time we hang out, we should drive a car. Japanese waged a war to Chinese, which had nothing to do with humanity but everything to do with aggression. Therefore every Japanese is guilty and should be condemned. 2. Hasty Generalization --- The converse fallacy of accident argues improperly from a special case to a general rule. A sports program is interesting. An entertainment program is interesting. A TV series is interesting. Therefore every TV program is interesting. I haven’t seen a UFO; Jason hasn’t either; Ms Yan hasn’t probably; so no UFO at all. 3. Post Hoc ---The fallacy of false cause mislocates the cause of one phenomenon in another that is only seemingly related. Post hoc mistakes temporal sequence for causal connection . Don’t sing this song. Every time you sing this song, it will rain soon. He is very wealthy, so he must be healthy. His eyes are very big, so he must have good eyesight. 4. Contradictory Premises --The conclusion is contradictory to the premise This is the mightiest sword which is able to shatter any shield, and that is the most indestructible shield which is capable of enduring any stroke. I think he is the invincible man in the world, and nothing is powerful enough to defeat him. But, of course, he has certain drawbacks that might cause him lose. 5. Ad Misericordiam ---The fallacy of irrelevant conclusion is committed when the conclusion changes the point that is at issue in the premises “He was late to the class today.” “Because