运算符重载教学幻灯片讲义.pptVIP

第6章 运算符重载 ;6.1 运算符重载基础;6.1 运算符重载基础;why? 使程序便于编写和阅读 使程序定义类型与语言内建类型更一致 how? 使用特殊的成员函数 使用自由函数，一般为友元;1. 运算符重载限制 可以重新定义大多数运算符， + - / * % ^ | ~ ! = += -= *= /= %= ^= = |= = = == != = = [ ] () new new[] delete delete[] 不能定义新的运算符 不能重载某些特殊运算符，包括：. .* - :: ?: sizeof typeid 不能改变运算符的目、优先级、结合性 不能重载语言预定义类型的运算符含义 如 # ## 无隐含重载，即：定义了+，并隐含不定义+= 程序定义的含义与运算符固有含义吻合;6.1 运算符重载基础;6.1 运算符重载基础;6.1 运算符重载基础;6.1 运算符重载基础;6.2 重载二元运算符;class Complex { private: double r, i; public: Complex (double R=0, double I=0):r(R), i(I){ }; Complex operator+(Complex b); Complex operator-(Complex b); friend Complex operator*(Complex a,Complex b); friend Complex operator/(Complex a,Complex b); void display(); }; ;Complex Complex::operator +(Complex b){return Complex(r+b.r,i+b.i);} Complex Complex::operator -(Complex b){return Complex(r-b.r,i-b.i);} Complex operator *(Complex a,Complex b){ Complex t; t.r=a.r*b.r-a.i*b.i; t.i=b.r*b.i+b.i*b.r; return t; } Complex operator /(Complex a,Complex b) { Complex t; double x; x=1/(b.r*b.r+b.i*b.i); t.r=x*(a.r*b.r+a.i*b.i); t.i=x*(a.i*b.r-a.r*b.i); return t; } ;void Complex::display(){ coutr; if (i0) cout+; if (i!=0) coutiiendl; } void main(void) { Complex c1(1,2),c2(3,4),c3,c4,c5,c6; c3=c1+c2; c4=c1-c2; c5=c1*c2; c6=c1/c2; c1.display(); c2.display(); c3.display(); c4.display(); c5.display(); c6.display(); } ;6.2 重载二元运算符;6.2 重载二元运算符;6.2.2 友元二元运算符重载的特殊用途;【例6-2】 用友元运算符重载实现复数与实数的加法运算。实数与复数的实部相加，复数的虚部保持不变。 //Eg6-2.cpp #include iostream.h class Complex { private: double r, i; public: Complex (double R=0,double I=0):r(R),i(I){}; friend Complex operator+(Complex a,double b){ return Complex(a.r+b,a.i); } friend Complex operator+(double a,Complex b) { return Complex(a+b.r,b.i); } void display(); };;void Complex::display(){ coutr; if(i0) cout+; if(i!=0) coutiiendl; } void main(void) { Complex c1(1,2),c2; c2=c1+5; c2.display(); //输出：6+2i c2=5+c1; c2.display();