二英语Unit2Robots语法新人教版选修7.doc

Unit 2 不定式的被动语态----The Passive Infinitive 一、不定式的时态 1. He hopes to see (see) you again. 2.I’m sorry to have lost (lose) your key. 3. It happened to be raining (rain) when I got there. 4. He appears to have been waiting (wait ) a long time. 不定式有时态的变化，时态共四种，即不定式的一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式. 不定式的一般式表示 动作在谓语动词同时或之后发生 不定式的完成式表示_动作在谓语动词之前发生. 不定式的进行式表示 谓语动词发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行 不定式的完成进行式表示 谓语动词发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续. 二、不定式的语态 1.It is an honor for me to be asked (ask) to speak here. 2.He thought it an honor to have been invited (invite) to the party. 3.The books are not allowed to be taken (take) out of the room. 4. The book is said to have been translated (translate) into many languages. 不定式还有语态的变化, 语态分为 主动语态 和 被动语态。 语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing / 完成进行式 to have been doing / ㈠.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done/to have been doing) 当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时. 1. We want to learn English well. 2. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in.(NMET99) to have studied B. to study C. made D. to make ㈡.被动式( to be done / to have been done) 当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时. 1. He didn’t like to be laughed at. 2. He claimed ____in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday. being badly treated B. treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated. 不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点： 在there be结构中。 在there be结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式，在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。如：There is no time to lose (to be lost). 时间紧迫，不能耽误了。 　　There are still many difficulties to overcome (to be overcome). 还有许多困难要克服。 但有时候用主动和被动可分别表示不同的意思。试比较: There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do.) 我们现在没事干。 There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.) 现在没有什么办法了。 2“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。 常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。 He is hard to