计算机控制3.ppt

CHAPTER 3Sensors, Actuators, and other Control system components 3. 1 Sensors3. 2 Actuation3. 3 Analog-to-Digital Conversion3. 4 Digital-to-Analog Conversion 3. 5 Input/Output Devices for Discrete Data 3. 5. 1Contact Input/Output Interfaces 3. 5. 2Pulse Counters and Generators To implement process control, the computer must collect data from and transmit signals to the production process. In Section 4.1.2, process variables and parameters were classified as either continuous or discrete, with several subcategories existing in the discrete class. The digital computer operates on digital (binary) data, whereas at least some of the data from the process are continuous (analog). Accommodations for this difference must be made in the computer process interface. we examine the components required to implement this interface. The components are: 1. Sensors for measuring continuous and discrete process variables 2. Actuators that drive continuous and discrete process parameters 3. Devices that convert continuous analog signals to digital data 4. Devices that convert digital data into analog signals 5. input/output devices for discrete data. TABLE 3. 1 Categories of Computer Input/Output Interface for the Different Types of Process Parameters and Variables The types of computer input/output interface for the different categories of process variables and parameters are summarized in Table 3. 1. 3. 1 SENSORS A wide variety of measuring devices is available for collecting data from the manufacturing process for use in feedback control. In general, a measuring device is composed of two components: a sensor and a transducer. The sensor detects the physical variable of interest (such as temperature, force, or pressure). The transducer converts the physical variables into an alternative form (commonly electrical voltage), quantifying the variable in the conversion. The quantified signal can be interpreted as the value of the measured variable-h some cas