小波与傅里叶分析基础第7讲.pptVIP

Key words linear filters time invariant filters homogeneity finite support integrate causal filters output (input) signal system function parameter band-limited dispersion uncertainty principle 2.3 Linear Filters2.3.1 Time Invariant Filters A Linear Filter must satisfy the following two properties Additivity: L[a+b]=L[a]+L[b] Homogeneity: L[ca]=cL[a], where c is a constant. which are equivalent the following equation Time invariant A transformation L is said to be time invariant if for any signal f and any real number a, for all t. In words, L is time invariant if the time-shifted input signal f (t-a) is transformed by L into the time-shifted output signal (Lf)(t-a). Example 2.7 Let l(t) be a function that has finite support. For a signal f, let This linear operator is time invariant. Example 2.8 Let L is not time invariant. -function Theorem 2.6 Let L be a linear, time invariant transformation on the space of signals that are piecewise continuous functions. Then there exists an integrate function, h, such that for all signals f. 2.3.2 Causality and the  Design of Filters Causal Filters A causal filter is one for which the output signal begins after the input signal has started to arrive. Theorem 2.7 Let L be a time invariant filter with response function h (i.e., Lf = f*h). L is a causal filter if and only if h(t) = 0 for all t 0. Theorem 2.8 Suppose L is a causal filter with response function h. Then the system function associated with L is where L is the Laplace transform. Example 2.9 Butterworth filter where A and a are parameters. Consider the signal given by whose graph is given in Figure 14. By choosing, We filter the noise that vibrates with frequency approximately 40. At the same time, we do not disturb the basic shape of this signal, which vibrates in the frequency range of 2 to 4. A plot of the filtered signal (f * h)(t) for is given in Figure 15.