财务管理与财务分析运营管理课件7推荐.ppt

How Constraint Management  fits the Operations Management Philosophy Output and Capacity What is a Constraint? Any factor that limits system performance and restricts its output. Capacity is the maximum rate of output of a process or system. A Bottleneck An output constraint that limits a company’s ability to meet market demand. Also called Capacity Constraint Resource or CCR Theory of Constraints (TOC) Short-Term Capacity Planning Theory of Constraints Identification and management of bottlenecks Product Mix Decisions using bottlenecks Long-term Capacity Planning Economies and Diseconomies of Scale Capacity Timing and Sizing Strategies Systematic Approach to Capacity Decisions Measures of Capacity Output Measures Input Measures Utilization Performance Measures in TOC Inventory (I) Throughput (T) Operating Expense (OE) Utilization (U) Where is the Bottleneck?Example 7.1 Barbara’s Boutiquepage 269, Problem 2 Barbara’s Boutique page 269, Problem 2 Solution Barbara’s BoutiqueApplication 7.1 Solution Diablo Electronics Flowchart for Products A, B, C, D Identifying the Bottleneck at Diablo Electronics When ordering from highest to lowest, the profit margin per unit order of these products is B,A,C,D The best product mix: linear programming Drum-Buffer-Rope System Identify bottleneck Where should we keep inventory? (Buffer) Rope? Drum-Buffer-Rope System Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR): A planning and control system that regulates the flow of work-in-process materials at the bottleneck or the capacity constrained resource (CCR) in a productive system. Drum: the bottleneck schedule it sets the beat or the production rate for the entire plant Buffer: a time buffer that plans early flows to the bottleneck Ensures that the bottleneck is never starved for work. A finished-goods inventory buffer can also be placed in front of the shipping point in order to protect customer shipping schedules. Rope: the tying of material release to the drum beat a communication devic