[管理学]基于国家视角的村庄公共产品供给模式转变分析.doc

基于国家视角的村庄公共产品供给模式转变分析 李晓楠 孙建芳 （兰州大学 管理学院，甘肃 兰州 730000） 摘要：本文从国家的视角分析了我国村庄公共产品供给模式的历史演变，现实困境及原因。经过20多年市场经济的冲击，村庄的经济分化与社会分化加深，村庄的异质程度提高，需求偏好的差异性越来越大，使农民基于传统联系的合作能力受到损害，而基于现代联系的合作能力尚未形成，并且政府包办村庄公共产品的供给进一步损害了农民的合作能力，造成了村庄公共产品供给中的“政府失败”。基于此，借鉴发达国家的实践经验，提出了在我国建立政府与村庄自治体和草根组织合作供给公共产品的方式，即政府提供多数或全部费用，村庄自主决定公共产品的内容，政府与村庄自治体合作提供全部村民需要的公共产品、与合作社及草根组织合作为部分村民提供更多元化的公共产品。 关键词：村庄公共产品；供给模式；合作社 中图分类号：F321.4 文献标识码：A Analysis of the Village Public Goods Supplying Mode Transformation: Based on the Perspective of the State Li Xiaonan Sun Jianfang (School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000) Abstract: From the perspective of state, this paper analyzes the historical evolution of village public goods supplying model, present difficulties and their causes. After 20 years’ impact of market economy, the villages economic differentiation and social polarization deepened, the heterogeneity of the village increased, and the differences in demand preferences became more significant. These changes weakened the farmers’ collaboration capability that based on traditional ties, however, the collaboration capability based on modern ties had not been developed, and the government arranged the supply of public goods further undermined the cooperation capability of farmers, resulting in “government failure” in supply of village public goods. Based on these problems, we put forward to establishing a cooperationsupplying model among government, village autonomy organization and grassroots organization, that means the government pays most or all the costs, the village determines the kinds of the public goods, the basic public goods would be supplied by government and village autonomy organization, and more diversified public goods would be provided by cooperatives and grassroots organization. Key words: Village Public Goods; Supplying Mode; Cooperatives 引言 英美等国家自20世纪80年代以来进行的公共管理改革，建立了政府、企业与社会组织合作的公共产品供给的多元网络。政府与非政府组织（NGO）合作供给小范围的公共产品，可以发挥这两种组织各自的优势，克服它们的劣势，提高公共产品供给的效率。例如，在政府的补贴和