drinking beyond the binge threshold predictors, consequences, and changes in the u.s：（饮酒狂欢以外的阈值预测,结果,和美国的变化）.pdfVIP

RESEARCH ARTICLE Drinking Beyond the Binge Threshold: Predictors, Consequences, and Changes in the U.S. Ralph W. Hingson, ScD, MPH,1 Wenxing Zha, PhD,1 Aaron M. White, PhD2 This activity is available for CME credit. See page A3 for information. Introduction: Binge drinking, five or more drinks on an occasion for men and four or more for women, marks risky alcohol use. However, this dichotomous variable removes information about higher, more dangerous consumption. This paper examines predictors, consequences, and changes over a decade in drinking one to two times, two to three times, and three or more times standard gender-specific binge thresholds, labeled Levels I, II, and III. Methods: In 2001–2002 and 2012–2013, respectively, 42,748 and 36,083 U.S. respondents aged Z18 years were interviewed in person in cross-sectional waves of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (response rates, 81% and 61%). Respondents were asked their past-year maximum drink consumption per day, categorized as Levels I, II, or III. Predictors and whether Levels II and III were associated with more negative consequences were analyzed in 2012–2013 data. Results: In 2001–2002, 23% of adults reported past-year binge drinking, with 15% peaking at Level I, 5% at Level II, and 3% at Level III. In 2012–2013, those percentages increased significantly to 33% binging, and 20%, 8%, and 5% binging at Levels I, II, and III, respectively. After adjusting for alcohol use disorder, the strongest predictor of Level I, II, and III binging, Level III versus I and non-binge drinkers had higher od