9-植物细胞信号转导PPT.pptVIP

6.4 植物的信号转导(signal transduction);6.4.2 信号转导的分子途径;信号转导过程;6.4.3胞间信号传递;6.4.3.4 胞间信号的传递;Furchgotts sandwich Robert F Furchgott showed that acetylcholine-induced relaxation of blood vessels was dependent on the endothelium. His sandwich experiment set the stage for future scientific development. He used two different pieces of the aorta; one had the endothelial layer intact, in the other it had been removed.;Hemoglobin (yellow) exposed to endothelial cells that were stimulated to produce EDRF (green) ;Murads enzyme activation Ferid Murad knew that nitroglycerine caused relaxation of smooth muscle cells. The enzyme, guanylyl cyclase, was activated and increased cyclic GMP, causing relaxation of the muscle. Did nitroglycerin act via release of nitric oxide, NO? He bubbled NO-gas through tissue containing the enzyme; cyclic GMP increased! A new mode of drug action had been discovered!;In atherosclerosis, plaques reduce blood flow in the arteries. This decreases oxygen supply to the heart muscle causing chest pain (angina pectoris) and sometimes even myocardial infarction. Treatment with nitroglycerine provides NO, dilates the vessels, and increases blood flow. Thanks to this years Nobel Laureates we now understand how nitroglycerine, an important heart medicine, works. It acts as a NO donor, causes dilation of the blood vessels, increases oxygen supply and protects the heart from damage and cell death.;Alfred Nobel suffered from angina pectoris and was prescribed nitroglycerine. In a letter to a friend he wrote: It sounds like the irony of fate that I have been prescribed nitroglycerine internally. They have named it Trinitrin in order not to upset pharmacists and the public.Your affectionate friend,A. Nobel ;6.4.4膜上信号的转换;6.4.4.2 G蛋白;Alfred G. Gilman University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, TX. USA 1941～ ;The Discovery of G Proteins;A mutated lymphoma cell was found to contain a normal receptor and a normal cyclic