(精选)Antibiotics教学课件.pptVIP

Antibiotics;A brief history of antibiotics;Thanks to work by Alexander Fleming (1881-1955), Howard Florey ( 1898-1968) and Ernst Chain (1906-1979), penicillin was first produced on a large scale for human use in 1943. At this time, the development of a pill that could reliably kill bacteria was a remarkable development and many lives were saved during World War II because this medication was available. ;A tale by A. Fleming;Scenario of penicillin action on E. coli;Natural products, including: toxins, antibiotics (about 70% of all known antibiotics) , antifungals, etc, have historically been isolated and characterized from heterotrophic bacteria (e.g. Streptomyces). This was primarily due to the ease with which these organisms can be grown and manipulated in the laboratory. ;In 2001, the problem of antimicrobial resistance posed a global threat to the effective treatment of many bacterial diseases. In developed countries, as many as 60% of hospital-acquired infections are caused by drug-resistant microbes. These infections are no longer found only in hospital or nursing home wards but are active in the community at large. ;An ideal antibiotics;In vitro: Factors for optimal antibiotic action;Affecting factors in vivo; ;Sites of action;Modes of action (1);Modes of action (2); ;Action mechanism of penicillin;Pharmacokinetics of penicillins;Clinical status of Penicillins;Resistance;Adverse effects;Before on antibiotics:;聯合報 八十五年 四月十三日 頭版新聞;1953: Shigella outbreak in Japan, multiple drug resistance 1950: M tuberculosis largely resistant to streptomycin;Resistances;Transferable antibiotic resistance in bacteria; ;Some probable overuse/misuse of antibiotics;Policy to deal drug resistance (1);Policy to deal drug resistance (2);New antibiotics development