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Environmental Pollution 133 (2005) 71e84 /locate/envpol Principles of microbial PAH-degradation in soil Anders R. Johnsena,1, Lukas Y. Wickb,2, Hauke Harmsb,2,* aNational Environmental Research Institute, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Microbiology, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark bSwiss Federal School of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture and Civil and Environmental Engineering, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Received 12 January 2004; accepted 13 April 2004 Capsule: Hydrophobicity and solid water distribution ratios influence the interaction between PAHs and soil organic matter, thereby affecting microbial degradation. Abstract Interest in the biodegradation mechanisms and environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is motivated by their ubiquitous distribution, their low bioavailability and high persistence in soil, and their potentially deleterious effect on human health. Due to high hydrophobicity and solidewater distribution ratios, PAHs tend to interact with non-aqueous phases and soil organic matter and, as a consequence, become potentially unavailable for microbial degradation since bacteria are known to degrade chemicals only when they are dissolved in water. As the aqueous solubility of PAHs decreases almost logarithmically with increasing molecular mass, high-molecular weight PAHs ranging in size from five to seven rings are of special environmental concern. Whereas several reviews have focussed on metabolic and ecological aspects of PAH degradation, this