(精选)英语语言学Chapter 3 Lexicon课件.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Lexicon Lexicon 1. What is word? 2. The formation of word 3. Lexical change 1. What is word? Three senses of “word” Identification of words Classification of words Definition of “word”: word is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. Lexeme(词位): the abstract unit underlying the smallest unit in the lexical system of a language, which appears in different grammatical contexts. (write, writes, wrote, writing, written) Three senses of “word”: 1) A word is a physical definable unit 2) A word is a common factor underlying a set of forms. (check, checks, checked, checking) 3) A word is a grammatical unit. ( Hierarchical rank scale of grammar: sentence, clause, group/phrase, word, morpheme) 3) Close-class words and open-class words(封闭类词和开放类词): The close-class refers to a word class whose membership is fixed or limited (pronoun, determiner, preposition, conjunction, interjection, auxiliary verb). New members are not regularly added. The open-class refers to one whose membership is in principle infinite or unlimited. New expressions are continually and constantly being added to the lexicon (verb, noun, adjective, adverb). 4) Word class(词类): Based on Latin tradition, eight or nine words classed are established, such as noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection and article. The categories newly introduced: a. particles(小品词): (1)to (2)not (3)get by, go up, look back, …(The subordinate units in phrasal verbs) b. auxiliaries(助动词) c. pro-form(代词形式): pro-adjective Your pen is red. So is mine. pro-verb He knows English better than he did. pro-adverb He hopes he’ll win and I hope so too. pro-locative Jame’s hiding there, behind the door. d. determiners(限定词): prediterminers: all, both, half, double, twice, three times, one-fifth central determiners: a,the,this, that, these, those, ever