(精编)【医学课件】 Blood Vessels and Circulation教学课件.pptVIP

Veins 3 types of veins Venules (smallest) Collect blood from capillary beds Vary widely in size and character (smallest resemble expanded capillaries) Medium-sized veins Tunica media thin, few smooth muscle cells Tunica externa thickest layer; contains bundles of elastic and collagen fibers Large veins Have all 3 tunica layers – thin tunica media, thick tunica externa (elastic and collagen fibers) e.g. superior and inferior vena cavae and larger tributaries in abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities * Figure 21-2, left * Venous Valves BP in peripheral venules and medium-sized veins is 10-20% that in ascending aorta and continues to fall along venous system BP so low it can’t oppose force of gravity Veins in limbs have valves Folds of tunica interna that project from vessel wall into lumen Point in direction of blood flow Ensure 1- way flow; prevent backflow toward capillary Valves improve venous return Any movement of muscles that changes a vein’s shape squeezes/pushes blood toward heart * Venous Valves Figure 21-6 * Venous Valves Prolonged inactivity may cause a thrombus (clot) = deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Can be fatal if clot dislodges and travels to heart, lung, brain, etc. When walls of veins near valves weaken or become stretched and distorted, valves may not work properly ? varicose veins Blood pools in veins, become distended * Distribution of Blood Blood volume unevenly distributed among blood vessels Heart, arteries, capillaries = 30-35% (1/3) Venous System = 65-70% (2/3) Change in blood volume Large changes have little effect on BP If blood volume rises or falls, elastic walls stretch or recoil, changing volume of blood in venous system During hemorrhage Systemic veins constrict (venoconstriction) Decreases amount of blood in venous system, increases volume in arterial system and capillaries so at near normal levels despite significant blood loss Constriction of veins in liver, skin, and lungs redistributes total blood volume to delicate organs (brain, acti