(食品营养与安全)Chapter14Fortified and functional food.ppt

Fortified and functional food Chapter 14 1. Fortified food Compared three words Enriched: Nutrients added back to refined food Fortified: Nutrients added not originally in food Supplement: Nutrients added in high amounts (50% DRI) 1. Fortified food Fortification has its roots in public health policy to reduce the prevalence of nutrient deficiency diseases. Fortification is one of many appropriate strategies for people to meet their nutritional needs. (1) ※Fortification policies Nutrients that are needed by the public at large; Nutrients that may have health benefits in quantities greater than recommended intake levels; Foods that are appropriate vehicles; Fortification levels that minimize the potential for adverse effects or toxicity symptoms. (2) Typical fortified food Addition of iodine to salt (iodized salt) A teaspoon of iodized salt (~6g) provides approximately 360-450 μg of iodide. RDA=150 μg/day, Potassium iodide Addition of vitamin D to milk Milk was identified as an appropriate vehicle for vitamin D. Addition of VD is also optional for dairy product Enrichment of cereal grain produces with B vitamins Enrichment standards for cereal-grain products (2) Typical fortified food Folic acid and cereal grain products Neural tube defects in fetus Vitamin A, milk and margarine Developing country Most nonfat and reduced –fat milk in the U.S. are fortified with vitamin A. Calcium Older people Juices, juice/fruit beverages, cereal grain produces, breakfast cereals (2) Typical fortified food Antioxidant nutrients Reduction of risk for chronic disease Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, beta-carotene Vitamin C: nutrient and food preservative Juice, juice/fruit drinks Vitamin E (α-tocopherol): nutrient and preservative Others Energy beverages: B-vitamins Sports drinks: sodium and potassium (3) General requirements of food fortification The intake of the nutrients is below the desirable level in the diet of a significant number of people; The food used to supple the nutrien