语用学2.deixis幻灯片.pptVIP

从语用学的角度出发，虽然违背了指示语以说话人为中心的属性，但说话人不以自身为指示中心,而把参照点转移到听人或其他听众身上，在这个过程中说话人以对方为指示照，从对方的角度说话, 从而产生了语用移情。 移情在语用学上指交际双方情感相通, 能设想和理解方用意, 涉及说话人如何刻意对听话人吐露心声, 表达意图, 听话人如何设身处地来理解说话人言谈的心态和意思。 Lyons called this phenomenon empathetic deixis (移情指示现象)(P677) For example: First person pronouns may be used to refer to the second and third persons (Doctor to Patient) How are we feeling today? (Mum to Dad) We’re in a bad mood today. (the kid) 2. space deixis : come / go; here / there; this / that 发话人常常通过选择不同的移动动词come, go及指示代词this, that等,自觉、不自觉地违反指示语的自我中心特性,来缩短或拉开自己和受话者之间的心理距离或感情距离,以示友好或冷漠。 从礼貌的角度讲,在交谈中发话者选择表示近指的come、this、here比选择表示远指的go、that、there显得友好和亲切 Condition for empathetic deixis？？ Condition for empathetic deixis: 移情是指示语映射现象这一非常规选择所产生的最基本的语用效果。 移情的产生需有两个必要的条件: 一是意识到或了解自己的感受, 二是将自己与别人等同起来 (王初明，P112) context and deictic projection: 语境是会话含义产生的寓所,要研究指示语映射现象所凸现的语用含义和效果,不能离开其所依附的语境。 在不同的语境中, 指示语映射除了产生“移情”的语用效果外, 由于说话人和听话人之间特殊的关系, 还能产生更为复杂的语用效果,如幽默滑稽、羞辱贬斥、嘲讽和诱骗等等。 Why is deixis ego-centric in nature? Two points: The role of the encoder and the decoder, especially the role of the encoder (encoding from his perspective); The relation established between ego and non-ego in the organization of the message at different dimensions. Deictic and non-deictic usages Examples: 1 You can vacuum while you wash the dishes, and – keep your hat on – Ill get the groceries. 2 I have been monitoring activities on Earth for some time, and have sent an invasion force disguised as trucks there to control widespread corruption. 3 Were supposed to see Dr. Gesundheit today, but Sandy refuses to go there unless she gets a balloon. Deictic usage: revolving a relation between an object in the world and a linguistic form with no semantically determined reference (the form X is used to refer to A, the reference is determined in the discourse) Non-deictic usage: involving relations between such a form and some other linguistic expressi