清华经济学原理一学期.Chapter29章节幻灯片.pptxVIP

29货币体系The Monetary System货币的含义The Meaning of Money货币是经济中人们经常性地用来从其他人那里购买物品与服务的一组资产。 Money is the set of assets in the economy that people regularly use to buy goods and services from other people.货币的三种职能Three Functions of Money货币在经济当中具有三种职能Money has three functions in the economy:交换媒介 Medium of exchange记帐单位 Unit of account价值储藏 Store of value货币就是货币所做的事情。Money is what money does.交换媒介Medium of Exchange交换媒介是作为支付手段易于被接受的任何东西。A medium of exchange is anything that is readily acceptable as payment.交换媒介Medium of Exchange没有货币，人们将不得不依靠物物交换——一种物品或服务交换另一种物品或服务——来得到他们所需要的东西。Without money, people would have to rely on barter – the exchange of one good or service for another – to obtain the things they need.在这种经济中，贸易要求欲望的双重一致性——一种不大可能的偶然巧合，即双方都有对方想要的物品或服务。In such an economy, trade requires the double coincidence of wants – the unlikely occurrence that two people each have a good or service that the other wants.货币的存在使得贸易变得容易（尽管也变得迂回了），从而便利了生产与消费。The existence of money makes trade easier (although more roundabout), thus facilitates production and consumption. Revenue收益Spending 支出Goods Services sold产品与服务出售Goods Services bought产品与服务购买物品与劳务的流动货币的流动Inputs for production生产投入Labor, land, and capital劳动,土地,资本Wages, rent, and profit工资、租金与利润Income收入循环流向图The Circular-Flow DiagramMarket for Goods and Services产品和服务市场Firms企业Households家庭Market for Factors of Production生产要素市场记帐单位Unit of Account记帐单位是人们用来标明价格和记录债务的尺度。A unit of account is the yardstick people use to post prices and record debts.价值储藏Store of Value价值储藏是人们能用来将购买力从现在转移到将来的一种东西。A store of value is an item that people can use to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future.财富指所有价值储藏的总量，包括货币和非货币资产。Wealth is the total of all stores of value, including both money and nonmonetary assets.资产的例子Examples of Assets货币 Money股票和债券 Stocks and Bonds房子 Houses油画 Paintings流动性Liquidity当人们决定以哪种形式持有自己的财富时，他们必须使每种可能的资产的流动性与资产作为价值储藏的有用性（或收益性）相平衡。When people decide in what form to hold their wealth, they have to balance the liquidity of each p