心理应激与心身疾病及医患关系双语宣讲培训.pptVIP

Psychological Stress and Psychosomatic Disease(心理应激与心身疾病) ;;Conceptions(基本概念);★ What is psychological factors? Cognition (认知), feeling(情感), will(意志), behavior(行为), personality(人格). Cognition is most important. ;The relationship between psychological factors and social factors（心理因素与社会因素的关系）: interacting ;★ What is stress? Stress: psychological stress and physical stress（心理应激和躯体应激） Chronic stress and acute stress(急性应激与慢性应激);1. The relationship between stress and stimulate （应激与剌激的关系） ;2．Stress is kind of defense response for development and living of individual （应激是一切生命为了生存和发展所必需的防御反应） it is defense responses，responses may include physiological, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes “fight—flight” (战斗与逃跑);3．Perceived threaten（应激是一种觉察到的威胁） emphasize the relationship between the individual and the environment ;definition of stress ;Stressor（应激源）;? Somatic stressor（躯体性应激源） Including physical , chemical, biological (disease) Cognition is important（无病呻吟） symptoms → evaluate → serious → psychological stress ;? Psychological stressor（心理性应激源） 个体的心理冲突或心理矛盾导致焦虑、恐惧、抑郁等各种消极情绪（stress reaction） 心理冲突(psychological conflict)：是相互对立或排斥的目的、愿望、动机或反应倾向同时出现时引起的一种心理状态。 受认知影响 分成三大类： ;1． approach-approach conflict(双趋冲突) (fish, bear’s paw) 2. avoidance-avoidance conflict (双避冲突) 3． approach-avoidance conflict （趋避冲突） ;Social stressor(社会性应激源);3. from social common suffer（共同问题及个人遭遇） (war, tsunami ) 4.from culture（文化性） :are experiencing rapid social and technical change, socioeconomic positions in society.;Stress reaction（应激反应）;Psychological reaction;2. Behavioral reaction（行为反应） high arouse（警觉水平增高） escape and avoidance （逃避与回避） regression and dependence（退化与依赖） hostility and attack（敌对与攻击） Abuse（物质难用）;Somatic reaction（躯体反应）;Vulnerability of stress;Characteristic features of psychosomatic diseases;2.Features of psychological factor(心理因素的特点)： 慢性、长期的, 如，工作中的人际关系；家庭、婚姻等。 3.organic changes (具有器质性的改变或病理生理改变) 生化检查异常或明显体征（冠心病、糖尿病等）; 病理生理过程（偏头痛） 4. Personality-r