Compounds and Mixtures化合物和混合物.ppt

Compounds and Mixtures Unit 15 Compounds compound: substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined most of the matter making up the earth is composed of compounds ex. water is a compound made up of the elements hydrogen and oxygen sugar is a compound made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Compounds the properties of a compound are very different from the properties of the elements that form it example: sodium is a metal that burns easily chlorine is a poisonous gas they combine to form sodium chloride or table salt Compounds compounds are formed as the result of a chemical change the elements combine to form a new substance with new properties a chemical change is also required to break a compound down Molecules molecule: smallest part of a substance that has all the properties of the substance a substance is any element or compound Molecules some elements occur as diatomic molecules a diatomic molecule has two atoms of the same element joined together most gases form diatomic molecules ex. oxygen, hydrogen Molecules all molecules of a particular substance contain the same combination of atoms ex. any molecule of water contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen Mixtures mixture: two or more substances that have been mixed together but not chemically combined Mixtures the substances in a mixture keep their own properties the substances in a mixture can be present in any amount a mixture can be separated by physical means Mixtures salt water is an example of a mixture the salt and the water can be separated by the process of evaporation another method that can be used to separate mixtures is filtering Compounds Mixtures Ionic Bonds neutral atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons when an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion ion: an atom with an electric charge Ionic Bonds if a neutral atom gains electrons, it becomes a negative ion if a neutral atom loses electrons, it becomes a positive