[金牌原创]Advanced Texture Mapping.pptVIP

Advanced Texture Mapping May 10, 2007 Today’s Topics Mip Mapping Projective Texture Shadow Map Texture Resolution One size does not fit all: For example: an NxN texture may be OK for a polygon about the same size on screen, but not for a much smaller or much larger polygon. Polygon too large ? blurry texture Polygon too small ? wasted texture memory. Mip Map For an NxN texture, also build textures of N/2 x N/2, N/4 x N/4, … etc. Total memory required: 4/3 NxN 1+1/4+1/16+… = 4/3 Which Level to Use? Na?ve answer: pick the closest size. Note that we don’t pick a fixed mip-map level for the whole polygon. We will pick a different level for each drawn pixel. Also, the level does not need to be an integer ? In-between levels. Filtering Here, we only consider individual pixels of a scan-converted polygon (on the screen) Texture coords=(u, v); u, v: real number. Bi-linear: Find the closest mip-map level, fetch (?u?, ?v? ), (?u?, ?v? ), (?u? ,?v? ), (?u? , ?v? ). Tri-linear: Also interpolated between two mip-map levels. Anisotropic Filtering Bilinear (and tri-linear) filtering assumes that a screen picture is mapped to a circle on the texture, which is actually incorrect. An ellipse (not necessary axis aligned) should be used instead. Next slide: EWA = Ellipse Weighted Average. EWA for Texture Mapping Paul Heckbert, “Survey of Texture Mapping” IEEE CGA, Nov. 1986. (Figures) Green Heckbert, “Creating Raster Omnimax Images from Multiple Perspective Views Using The Elliptical Weighted Average Filter” IEEE CGA, 6(6), pp. 21-27, June 1986. Projective Texture Mark Segal, et al., “Fast shadows and lighting effects using texture mapping”. SIGGRAPH 92 Cass Everitt, “Projective Texture Mapping” NVIDIA SDK White Paper. Assigning Texture Coordinates to Vertices The basic idea: 1. Move the camera to the projector location. 2. Overlay the produced photo on top of the texture. (i.e. the pixel location becomes the texture coordinates) “Projective Texture Mapping” by Cass Everitt d