Cosmological Symmetry Breaking and Pseudoscale Invariance宇宙的对称性破缺和pseudoscale不变性.pptVIP

Cosmological Symmetry Breaking and Pseudoscale Invariance Pankaj Jain (IIT Kanpur) In collaboration with Subhadip Mitra, Naveen K. Singh Jain and Mitra (MPLA 2007) and Jain, Mitra and Singh (work in progress) Cosmological Symmetry Breaking Current observations suggest the existence of dark (or vacuum energy) in the universe. This may be modeled by a slowly rolling scalar field. In this case we need to make a quantum expansion around a time dependent field. Cosmological Symmetry Breaking The true vacuum is irrelevant since the field never reaches its lowest energy configuration during the lifetime of the universe Expanding around a time dependent background field breaks fundamental symmetries of the action. We call this cosmological symmetry breaking. Gravitational Background We can repeat the calculation in the presence of a background FRW metric. We require that the scalar field has not reached its minimum over the lifetime of the universe. This constrains m3H (H=Hubble parameter) The mass spectrum remains same as before. The mass splitting is very small, of the order of Hubble parameter. The splitting could be large in the early universe U(1) Gauge Theory We next gauge the U(1) symmetry The gauge invariance also gets broken by the classical time dependent solution Although the mass splitting is small the value of the classical field ?(t) may be very large. Hence the gauge fields may acquire very large masses Scale Invariance Pseudoscale Invariance Pseudoscale Invariance Classical Solution Higgs multiplet Conclusions Fundamental symmetries of nature may be broken by cosmological evolution. We can impose pseudoscale invariance exactly at classical and quantum level. This eliminates cosmological constant from the action and hence solves the cosmological constant problem. Pseudoscale invariance is broken cosmologically and hence generates dark or vacuum energy Conclusions Pseudoscale breakdown also generates the Newton’s constant and breaks down the electrowe