文学84文艺复兴、莎士比亚演示教学.pptxVIP

Chapter One. The Renaissance Period; Renaissance（14-16世纪） refers to the period of transition from the medieval to the modern world. It was sparked off（激发，导致） by a combination组合of historical factors, such as the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman classics, the religious Reformation, explorations in geography and science, and the economic expansion. ;The Renaissance first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. It did not arrive in England till the last part of 15th C and the early years of 16th C. ; Against the medieval feudal value and blind faith in after-life, the humanists 人文主义believed in man’s capability of self perfection and emphasized the importance of personal worth and the joy of the present life. ;I. Historical and cultural background:;1. Historical background:;Breaking and establishing;A. The War of the Roses not only weakened feudalism but actually killed off消灭 most of the feudal nobility贵族阶级 in England that prevented the centralization中央集权 of political power. Henry VII and Henry VIII laid the foundations of 打下基础monarch.国君 玫瑰战争：1455年至1487年其间，兰开斯特家族(House of Lancaster)和约克家族(House of York)的支持者为了英格兰王位而发生断续的内战，史称玫瑰战争(Wars of the Roses)，或蔷薇战争。两个家族都是金雀花王朝(Plantagenet)皇族的分支，为英王爱德华三世的后裔。“玫瑰战争”一名源于两个皇族所选的家徽，兰开斯特的红玫瑰和约克的白玫瑰 ;(c). At home, there was an intensification强化，加剧 of economic exploitation of the peasants, including the large-scale大规模的 enclosure围场 of common land, which caused violent peasant uprisings极端农民起义. ;C. The great 16th C religious reformation: King Henry VIII declared the breaking with Rome, confiscated充公，没收 the property of Church and proclaimed 宣称himself head of Church of England. In this way, the new bourgeois 资产阶级nobility 贵族was enriched. The Reformation was in essence本质上 a political movement of the bourgeois class for power.本质上是一次，资产级政治改革运动。 ;2. Cultural background; The new emphasis in the Renaissance on human culture, education and reason, was sparked鼓舞 by a revival 复兴of interest in classic