第五章_计划和估算.pptVIP

Object-Oriented and Classical Software Engineering Seventh Edition, WCB/McGraw-Hill, 2007 CHAPTER 9 Overview Planning and the software process Estimating duration and cost—周期和成本 Components of a software project management plan Software project management plan framework IEEE software project management plan Planning testing Planning object-oriented projects Training requirements Documentation standards CASE tools for planning and estimating Testing the software project management plan Planning and Estimating Before starting to build software, it is essential to plan the entire development effort in detail Planning continues during development and then postdelivery maintenance Initial planning is not enough Planning must proceed throughout the project The earliest possible time that detailed planning can take place is after the specifications are complete规格完成之后是做详细计划的开始 开发者在需求工作流末期和分析流末期处理的信息不同.在需求流期间,开发者最多是对客户需要什么有一个非正式的理解.而到了分析流阶段,客户签署了一个文档,明确了需要构建的产品特性.这是构建软件过程中最早的一个关键点,可以估算周期和成本了. 当然有时候客户可能会要求公司在提出规格说明之前进行周期和成本估算.甚至客户要求在进行了一个或两个小时的预备讨论后投标. 9.1 Planning and the Software Process 进行成本估算的工作流 The accuracy of estimation increases as the process proceeds Planning and the Software Process (contd) Example看看在不同阶段的估算误差有多大 Cost estimate of $1 million during the requirements workflow Likely actual cost is in the range ($0.25M, $4M) Cost estimate of $1 million at the end of the requirements workflow Likely actual cost is in the range ($0.5M, $2M) Cost estimate of $1 million at the end of the analysis workflow (earliest appropriate time) Likely actual cost is in the range ($0.67M, $1.5M) Planning and the Software Process (contd) These four points are shown in the cone of uncertainty不确定区 如图反映了这样的误差区间 Planning and the Software Process (contd) This model is old (1976) Estimating techniques have improved But the shape of the curve is likely to be similar 本章剩余部分的假设是已经完成了分析工作流,可以进行有意义的估算和计划了. 9.2 Estimating Duration and Cost 周期和成本的估算 Accurate duration estimation is critical