个人主义与集体主义的不同.pptVIP

The major differences between individualism and collectivism Part A： The abstract of text B The title of text B:The Basic Unit of Society：The Individual or the Collective？ From the Japanese proverb“The nail that sticks up will be pounded down”，we can learn that in Japan an individual is a fraction of a unit ，the group is the fundamental unit . Individualism in Japan is tantamount（相等的，相当的） to selfishness . It is the opposite of self-denial for the good of the group ,which is highly valued in Japan. Individuals in Western cultures make career choices on the basis of personal needs and goals . However ,none of these situations is reason for a move in Japan. In culture where the individual is a unit of society ,a single person can earn credit or blame for the outcome of an organizational project . In culture where the collective is important ,credit or blame goes to a group. In India , friendship means a willingness to be indebted . No words are necessary . Nor does one hesitate to request a favor of a friend ; that’s what friendship means. In a culture that values individual achievement , independence ,and control over events by personal action ,a request that puts someone in another’s debt is almost an admission of failure. Part B:Individualism VS Collectivism Definition of Individualism and Collectivism Individualism : Individualism refers to the doctrine（教条，教义，声明） that the rights of the individual are the most important ones in a society . Collectivism : Collectivism is a term used to describe any moral , political , or social outlook , that stresses human interdependence and the importance of a collective , rather than the importance of separate individuals Focus Individualists focus on the pursuit of personal achievements . Collectivists focus on community and society , and seek to give priority to group goals over individual goals . Specify Individualism is an ideological and theoretical point of view towards society and others with the individual a