明清时期河南省部分经济作物的种植与分布1.pdfVIP

·36 · 　　　　　　史 　学 　月 　刊 　　　　　　　　　　　 2003 年 　　第 7 期 明清时期河南省部分经济作物的种植与分布 马 雪 芹 (徐州师范大学 历史系 ,江苏 徐州 22 1116) [ 关键词] 明清时期 ;河南省 ;油料作物 ;染料作物 ;嗜食作物 [ 摘 　要] 明清时期河南省油料作物主要有花生和芝麻两种 ,花生明中期传入中国 ,清代在河南广泛种植 。 芝麻汉代从西域传入 ,明清时期在河南广为分布 。这两者今 日在河南省的经济作物种植中仍占重要地位 。染 料作物中蓝草和红花均为传统作物 ,种植历史悠久 ,分布广泛 。从明至清 ,种植之风方兴未艾 。两者在清末均 由于受到外来染料的冲击而中落 ,此后再也未能恢复到原来的水平 。嗜食作物中的罂粟 ,清咸丰年间开始在 河南省广泛栽种 ,后因国人的抗议 ,在民国年间禁种 。烟草和茶叶的种植不惟明清时期就有一定的规模 ,且一 直持续发展 ,为今 日河南省以许昌为中心的烤烟基地和以信阳为中心的茶叶基地的建设和发展创造了条件 、 奠定了基础 。 [ 中图分类号] K248 ;F 129 = 48/ 49 [ 文献标识码] [ 文章编号] ( ) 　 A 　 058302 14 2003 The Growth and Distribution of Oil Plant ,Dye Plant and Addictive Food Plant in Henan Province in Ming and Qing Dynasties MA Xueqin ( History Dep art ment , X uz hou N orm al University , X uz hou 22 1116 , J iangs u , Chi na) Key Words :Ming and Qing Dynasties ; Henan Province ; oil plant ;dye plant ;addictive food plant Abstract :Peanut and sesame seeds were t he main oil plant s in Henan Province in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The former was tak en into China in t he middle p eriod of t he Ming Dynasty , and was planted extensively in Qing Dynasty , while t he latter was in troduced from t he western regions in Han Dynasty , and was widely distributed bot h in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Moreover , t hey are t he important economic plant s of Henan nowadays. Among dye plant s t he indigo plant and t he safflower are traditional ones which were grown for t he first time in wide areas in Ming Dynasty and are still popular in Qing Dynasty . However , bot h lost popularity at t he end of Qing Dynasty due to t he imp