系统解剖学精品教学（复旦大学）8.脑和脊髓的被膜、血管及脑脊液循环2016-12-18.pptVIP

Hydrocephalus脑积水 * * Identify the following structures of the adult skull in the image above: Frontal bone - Parietal bone - Suture - Scalp * Spinal Cord Meninges. (Image modified from H.D. Patton et al., Introduction to Basic Neurology, with permission of W.B. Saunders Co., 1976). The meninges in this schematic are color-coded: dura (green), arachnoid (violet), and pia (yellow). The dura and arachnoid have been partially reflected to show underlying structures. The pia is closely applied to the cord itself and cannot be easily removed. Extensions of the pia form the denticulate ligament, which anchors the cord to the dural sheath laterally. At the caudal end of the cord (the conus medullaris), the filum terminale (another pial structure-not shown) anchors the cord to the caudal end of the dural sheath. The 3 meningeal layers extend out to the dorsal root ganglia, where they fuse imperceptibly with the connective tissue layers associated with the spinal nerves (epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium). The dorsal root (spinal) ganglia are located in the intervertebral foramen (not shown). * Cerebral Ventricles, Translucent. This computer reconstruction shows the position of the cerebral ventricles in the brain as seen through a translucent cerebral cortex. Parts of the lateral ventricles are located in the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. The thalamus and hypothalamus on each side form most of the walls of the unpaired third ventricle. The fourth ventricle has a tent-shaped roof formed by the superior and inferior medullary velum. Two lateral exit foramina and a median exit foramen allow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to flow from the fourth ventricle to the subarachnoid space. A small amount of CSF flows from the fourth ventricle through the central canal of the spinal cord. * Hydrocephalus Boy. Hydrocephalus is a condition resulting from an increase in the volume of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranial cavity. Blockages in the ventricular system or